RESUMO
La Odontología forense es una rama de las Ciencias Forenses que se utiliza para establecer la identidad de una víctima o victimario mediante el estudio de las huellas de mordeduras, estimación de edad cronológica, entre otros. Dada la inexistencia de este tipo de estudios en Chile y la magnitud que alcanza el problema de mordidas de perros en Chile, se compararon los patrones de huellas de mordedura según forma del cráneo, mediante el análisis morfológico y morfométrico de semiarcadas dentarias de perro doméstico (Canis familiaris) con fines médico legal. Para ello se obtuvieron modelos dentarios en yeso e impresiones de huellas de mordedura en cera de tres razas puras: Bóxer, Dálmata y Ovejero Alemán. Las mediciones contemplaron la distancia máxima externa entre caninos superiores e inferiores y la distancia máxima externa entre incisivos superiores e inferiores. Los principales resultados muestran que sólo la distancia máxima entre caninos superiores permitiría identificar la raza en forma estadísticamente significativa (p0,05) en los modelos de yeso. En el estudio ciego y desde el punto de vista morfométrico se identificaron especialmente los Dálmata con un alto grado de sensibilidad y especificidad. Un poco menor y en forma variable se observó en Bóxer y Ovejero Alemán. El estudio morfológico permitió identificar e individualizar al 100 por ciento de los perros. Por tanto los métodos morfométricos y morfológicos son herramientas complementarias para identificar e individualizar a un posible perro agresor.
Forensic dentistry is a branch of Forensic Sciences used to establish the identity of a crime victim or perpetrator, among these studies are bite marks and dental chronological age studies. In the absence of such studies in Chile and considering the widespread problem of dog bites in Chile, bite patterns were compared according to skull shape, by morphological and morphometric analysis of dental semi arcs of domestic dog (Canis Familiaris) for medico legal purposes. Plaster dental models and impressions of bite marks were obtained of three pure breeds: Boxer, Dalmatian and German shepherd. Measures included he maximum external distance between upper and lower canine, and maximum external distance between upper and lower incisors. Main results show that only the maximum distance between upper canine would allow statistically significant race identification, (p0.05) in cast models. In a blind study and from a morphometric point of view, Dalmatians were identified with a high rate of sensitivity and specificity. A somewhat lesser and variable form was observed in Boxer and German Shepherd. The morphological study allowed identification and individualization of 100 percent of dogs. Therefore, both morphological and morphometric methods are useful and complementary tools to identify and individualize a potentially aggressive dog.
Assuntos
Cães , Dente Canino/anatomia & histologia , Cães/anatomia & histologia , Registro da Relação Maxilomandibular/métodos , Força de Mordida , Cefalometria/métodos , Ciências Forenses/métodos , Incisivo/anatomia & histologia , Medicina Veterinária/métodosRESUMO
The outstanding work of professors of the chair of Forensic Medicine at the School of Medicine of the University of Chile is highlighted. This chair is divided in three periods, that are paralell to the history of Chilean medicine. During these periods, the chair initiated, developed and fortified its teaching activities. The practice of forensic medicine was institutionalized and spread throughout the country. Its field of action and knowledge areas also increased.
Assuntos
Docentes de Medicina/história , Medicina Legal/história , Faculdades de Medicina/história , Chile , História do Século XIX , História do Século XXRESUMO
The outstanding work of professors of the chair of Forensic Medicine at the School of Medicine of the University of Chile is highlighted. This chair is divided in three periods, that are paralell to the history of Chilean medicine. During these periods, the chair initiated, developed and fortified its teaching activities. The practice of forensic medicine was institutionalized and spread throughout the country. Its field of action and knowledge areas also increased.
Assuntos
História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Docentes de Medicina/história , Medicina Legal/história , Faculdades de Medicina/história , ChileRESUMO
The outstanding work of professors of the chair of Forensic Medicine at the School of Medicine of the University of Chile is highlighted. This chair is divided in three periods, that are paralell to the history of Chilean medicine. During these periods, the chair initiated, developed and fortified its teaching activities. The practice of forensic medicine was institutionalized and spread throughout the country. Its field of action and knowledge areas also increased. (AU)
